Henri Fayol

(1841-1925) Henri Fayol was a management theorist whose contributions to the management and organization of labor were widely influential in modern concepts of management. According to Fayol, prevoyance, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control are five main elements of management. In his monograph, General and Industrial Management, 1916, general management and statement of management principles pointed out with his theory the first time. Moreover he suggested that only one supervisor for each person should be exist in order to provide the unity of command. He also believed management to be a universal human activity which is also suitable to use in a family just like in a corporation. Fayol is associated with Taylor as they both dealt with scientific management, however, Fayol's perspective differs from Taylor as Taylor views management process "bottom up" instead of "top down", according to Claude George(1968). The 14 management principles from Henri Fayol, which are edited and revised in order to alleviate language difficulties by Irwin Gray in 1987 are that:

1. Specialization of labour. It allows improvement in skills and the development of improvements in methods.
2. Authority. The right to give orders and the provide obedience.
3. Discipline. No slacking, bending of rules.
   
4. Unity of command. Each employee has one and only one boss.
5. Unity of direction. A single mind generates a single plan and all play their part in that plan.
6. Subordination of Individual Interests. When at work, only work things should be pursued or thought about.
7. Remuneration. Employees receive fair payment for services, not what the company can get away with.
8. Centralization. Consolidation of management functions. Decisions are made from the top.
9. Chain of Superiors (line of authority). Formal chain of command running from top to bottom of the organization, like military
10. Order. All materials and personnel have a prescribed place, and they must remain there.
11. Equity. Equality of treatment (but not necessarily identical treatment)
12. Personnel Tenure. Limited turnover of personnel. Lifetime employment for good workers.
13. Initiative. Thinking out a plan and do what it takes to make it happen.
14. Esprit de corps. Harmony, cohesion among personnel.
    

references:
http://www.12manage.com/methods_fayol_14_principles_of_management.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Fayol